Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Indonesian version of the Oswestry Disability Index

Phedy Phedy, Yoshi Pratama Djaja, Singkat Dohar Apul Lumban Tobing, Luthfi Gatam, Didik Librianto, Asrafi Rizki Fachrisal, Nicko Perdana Gatam

April 2021, Volume 30, Issue 4, pp 1053 - 1062 Original Article Read Full Article

First Online: 02 January 2021

Purpose

The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is one of the most common patient-reported outcome measures used for low back pain (LBP). Since it was not available in Indonesian, this study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of ODI to Indonesian and evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods

We performed a cross-cultural adaptation of ODI v2.1a into Indonesian language (ODI-ID) and determined its internal consistency, test–retest reliability, measurement error, confirmatory factor analysis, floor-ceiling effect, and construct validity by hypotheses testing of its correlation with Short Form-36 (SF-36) and visual analog scale (VAS). Adults (> 17 years of age) diagnosed with low back pain were included.

Results

A total of 96 subjects were included in this study. The original ODI questionnaire was translated into an Indonesian version and showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) and good reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.97). The standard error of measurement values of 3.35 resulted in a minimal detectable change score of 9. Nine out of nine (100%) a priori hypotheses were met, confirming the construct validity. A strong correlation was found with the physical component of SF-36 (0.77 and 0.76 for pain and physical function, respectively) and VAS (0.79). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a poor but significant fit to the original one-factor structure and the static-dynamic two-factor structure. Floor-ceiling effects were not found.

Conclusions

The Indonesian version of ODI displayed similar reliability, validity, and psychometric characteristics to the original ODI. This questionnaire will be a suitable instrument for assessing LBP-related disability for Indonesian-speaking patients.

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